Prepositions in Persian
There are two types of prepositions in Persian:
Type 1:
They never occur with “e-link”.
There are only 4 prepositions in Type 1.
| واژه | ♫ | تلفظ | معنی |
| در | Listen | /dar/ | in/at |
| به | Listen | /be/ | to |
| تا | Listen | /tā/ | until/to [time] |
| از | Listen | /az/ | from |
Examples:
/man dar Landan hastam/ I am in London.
/man parsāl be ālmān raftam/ I went to Germany last year.
/bāzār tā 5 bāz ast/ The market is open until 5.
/In rā az Hend xaridi?/ Did you buy it from India?
Type 2:
They might occur with “e-link” when followed by a complement.
There are two sub-classes in Type 2:
Type 2a: prepositions with optional e-link
| واژه | ♫ | تلفظ | معنی |
| تو | Listen | /tu/ | in |
| رو | Listen | /ru/ | on |
| جلو | Listen | /jelo/ | in front (of) |
| پهلو | Listen | /pahlu/ | beside/next to |
| زیر | Listen | /zir/ | under |
Examples:
/man xodkār-e Parker-e to rā tu(-ye) kifam nagozāštam./ I did not put your Parker pen in my bag.
/ru(-ye) divār či nevešti?/ What did you write on the wall?
/man hamiše dar parvāzhāyam pahlu-ye panjare minešinam./ I always sit next to the window in my flights.
Type 2b:prepositions with obligatory e-link
| واژه | ♫ | تلفظ | معنی |
| داخل ِ | Listen | /dāxel-e/ | inside |
| بالای ِ | Listen | /bālā-ye/ | on top of |
| سر ِ | Listen | /sar-e/ | on top of |
| پشت ِ | Listen | /pošt-e/ | behind |
| نزدیک ِ | Listen | /nazdik-e/ | near |
| پایین ِ | Listen | /pāin-e/ | below |
| خارج ِ | Listen | /xārej-e/ | outside |
| بیرون ِ | Listen | /birun-e/ | outside |
| میان ِ | Listen | /miān-e/ | between |
| دور ِ | Listen | /dour-e/ | around |
/dāxel-e komod rā didi?./ Did you see inside the wardrobe?
/birun-e šahr yek daryāče-ye zibā hast./ There is a beautiful lake outside the city.
* As mentioned before, if the first word ends in a vowel, we will use “ye” instead of “e”.
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